//shortcode rubriky dle stranky

function rubrikyDoWidgetu(){
$stranky=array('weby','basnicky');
$kategorie=array('weby'=>14,'basnicky'=>12);
foreach($stranky as $stranka){ 
    if ( is_page($stranka)==1) {
      $args = array(

'child_of'           => $kategorie[$stranka],
          'taxonomy'           => 'category',
          'hide_empty'         => 0,
          'orderby'            => 'name',
          'order'              => 'ASC',
          'show_count'         => 1,
          'use_desc_for_title' => 0,
          'title_li'           => 0,
          'style'              => 'none',
          'echo'               => 0,
      );
    };
};
$categories = wp_list_categories($args);
if ( $categories ) {
    //printf( '<div>%s</div>', $categories );
	printf( '%s', $categories );
	//echo $categories;
};
};

add_shortcode('rubrWidget','rubrikyDoWidgetu');

        <a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/bajky/" >bajky</a> (5)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/frivolni/" >frivolní</a> (13)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/ivana/" >ivana</a> (4)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/jidlo/" >jidlo</a> (6)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/masakrozni/" >Masakrózní</a> (4)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/nalady/" >nálady</a> (8)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/nevim/" >nevím</a> (1)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/piti/" >pití</a> (3)<br />
	<a href="http://jentak.jecool.net/category/basnicky/sportovni/" >sportovní</a> (2)<br />

//tady konší výpis shortcodu

//tady začíná widget, ve kterém by měl být

<aside id="text-2" class="widget widget_text">
   <h2 class="widget-title">Rubriky</h2>			
   <div class="textwidget"></div>
</aside>